Students use of religious coping (mean) and sources of expected support during the, Fig 8. PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0049. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. 44106, 10900 Euclid Ave. de la Fuente, J., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., Laspra-Solis, C., Maestro-Martin, C., Alustiza, I., Auba, E., & Martin-Lanas, R. (2020). Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . A structural equation model of achievement emotions, coping strategies and engagement-burnout in undergraduate students: A possible underlying mechanism in facets of perfectionism. https://doi.org/10.2196/20185, Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Although mental health distress has been an issue on college campuses prior to the pandemic (Flatt, 2013; Lipson et al., 2019), COVID-19 has and will continue to magnify this phenomenon. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. (1993). Johnson (2020) indicated that 35% of students reported increased anxiety associated with a move from face-to-face to online learning in the spring 2020 semester, matching the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak. Correspondence may be addressed to Priscilla Rose Prasath, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, priscilla.prasath@utsa.edu. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. Some students coped with the shared trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing their energy inward and using this time for self-care, or Coefficients of determination for models predicting well-being from PsyCap dimensions ranged from 4% to 28%. B., Avolio, B. J., & Luthans, F. (2011). Clarifying the relation of acculturative stress and anxiety/depressive symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity among Hispanic college students. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. Medicine, Psychology. Sci Prog. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). Occupy your mind with puzzles. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Psychological capital and well-being. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2623. Relationship of Demographic Factors, Psychological Capital, and Coping Strategies With Change in PERMA Elements, Note. Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. We utilized a correlational cross-sectional study design; therefore, although PsyCap was predictive of change in well-being before and during COVID-19, neither causation nor directionality can be assumed. Now is my chance to help others. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. The average scores of negative emotion and loneliness increased from 4.46 and 3.86 to 5.85 and 5.94, respectively. Jardin, C., Mayorga, N. A., Bakhshaie, J., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., Sharp, C., Cardoso, J. Worries about sickness, finances, and isolation, coping with grief from loss, and having less outside help have made parenting more stressful. College Quarterly, 16(1). Further, they have negative associations with stress, burnout, negative health outcomes, and undesirable behaviors at the individual, team, and organizational levels (Avey, Reichard, et al., 2011; Newman et al., 2014). Michaels, P. J., Corrigan, P. W., Kanodia, N., Buchholz, B., & Abelson, S. (2015). Limit your media consumption. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr051, Dello Russo, S., & Stoykova, P. (2015). Guilford. International journal of mental health nursing. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339366. Hearing about the pandemic can be upsetting. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Risk perceptions, fear, depression, anxiety, stress and coping among Saudi nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. or funding contributions for the development Perception towards E-learning and COVID-19 on the mental health status of university students in Malaysia. The coping strategy of active coping (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 4. The predictive role of PsyCap on well-being at two time points (before and after the onset of COVID-19) was analyzed using multivariate multiple regression (see Table 2). Distanced learning. Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Palmer, N. F. (2016). B. Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. Careers. Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). To combat isolation, come together with your dorm-mates or graduate school cohort via technology. Guided imagery can also be a useful and effective tool to help stressed students cope with academic, social, and other stressors. Research has demonstrated that this exacerbates existing mental health concerns among university students (Klussman et al., 2020). Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. Penguin. Two significant challenges to counseling professionals on college campuses are the lack of resources to adequately respond to mental health concerns among students and the stigma associated with accessing services (R. P. Gallagher, 2014; Michaels et al., 2015). Engage your senses with hot baths or fragrant candles. Youth can No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. 2011;81: 101107: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x International Business Research, 8(10), 102111. 2015;173: 9096. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. P = Positive Emotion, Learn more about whole health and what you can do to improve your overall wellness including preparing for your wellness during the COVID-19 outbreak. Trauma, recovery, and growth: Positive psychological perspectives on posttraumatic stress. The connection between our physical body and our mental health is important and may be something worth exploring when thinking about staying mentally healthy. The first pillar, positive emotion (P), is the affective component comprising the feelings of joy, hope, pleasure, rapture, happiness, and contentment. Listen to childrens concerns. Similarly, approach coping strategies such as active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance (Carver, 1997) were resilient strategies to handle pandemic stress whereas using emotional support and planning showed weaker but significant roles. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. Its enough to let them know theyre not alone. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. The final two pillars are meaning (M), a sense of purpose in life that is derived from something greater than oneself, and accomplishment (A), a persistent drive that helps one progress toward personal goals and provides one with a sense of achievement in life. Internalizing and Externalizing Disorder Levels among Adolescents: Data from Poland. These are potential areas of practice for college counselors and counselors serving university students. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(2). 405415). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. Am J Orthopsychiatry. The uncertainty about what comes next. Disclaimer. Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. Universities across Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Accessibility However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. Data Collection Procedures https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n10p102. Atria Books. The measure demonstrates acceptable reliability, cross-time stability, and evidence for convergent and divergent validity (Butler & Kern, 2016). Moderate level of perceived stress is indicated among the BSc Nursing students studying in nursing colleges located in Pune, with mean perceived stress score of the students Nurses being 21.88, and the mean coping strategies score was 74.38. Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. COVID-19 has led to global dramatic shifts in daily life. You made the JV team in 10th grade, later played in college, and still think of Callahan every time you succeed at work. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. Each subscale is measured by two items and is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Westers recommends trying some of these techniques to help your child cope with back-to-school anxiety during COVID-19: Validate and listen to any concerns. How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Limitations and Directions for Future Research. Worry and stress fuel record drop in U.S. life satisfaction. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 10981118. 2022 Oct 27;19(21):13994. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113994. (F. Luthans et al., 2015, p. 2). Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. Keywords: university students, psychological capital, well-being, coping strategies, COVID-19. 216.368.2000 Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679704. In general, problem-focused coping strategies, also known as adaptive coping strategies, include planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010). To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. As expected, negative emotion and loneliness significantly increased during the period of COVID-19, impacting overall well-being in an adverse manner. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217702136. The scoping review aimed to, Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. Stress associated with adapting to online learning presented particular challenges for students who did not have adequate internet access in their homes (Hoover, 2020). Find new ways to celebrate. Gallup. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose The questionnaire included items related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education classification, and employment status. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006) indicated that practicing gratitude helps people to cope with negative situations because it enables them to view such situations through a more positive lens. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. College Student Journal, 42(3), 795-806. WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Psychol. Consistent with prior research (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; Youssef-Morgan & Luthans, 2015), we found that PsyCap predicted well-being. Research Question 3 Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. Washington Post. This study aims to describe the perception of midwifery students about the use of LMS in English learning activities. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. Undoubtedly, the period has been stressful for nursing students. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. Of the final 609 participants, 73.7% (n = 449) identified as female, 22% (n = 139) identified as male, and 4.3% (n = 26) identified as non-binary. Available from: Mackenzie S, Wiegel JR, Mundt M, Brown D, Saewyc E, Heiligenstein E, et al.. Depression and suicide ideation among students accessing campus health care. Cleveland, Can I Really Be Burnt Out Because Of Working From Home? Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. Further, the present findings highlight the importance of examining the relationships between each element of well-being and with each HERO dimension. Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. (2014). Students practiced their emerging skills in simulated emergency scenarios. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813517003, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2012). Findings are discussed in three areas: reduction in well-being related to COVID-19, shift in predictive roles of PsyCap HERO dimensions, and coping strategies as a mediator. Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). Instead of worrying about our ambiguous future, focus on solving immediate problems. A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. This study is qualitative research with a case The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Interventions that are described as well-being approaches rather than those that highlight pathologies are less stigmatizing (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010; Umucu et al., 2020) than traditional deficit-based therapeutic approaches. In future, researchers may wish to investigate whether PsyCap predicts longitudinal changes in well-being in the COVID-19 context. National Survey of College Counseling Centers 2014. International Association of Counseling Services, Inc. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/28178. The experience of emotional wellbeing. SAGE. The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Our mental health is in constant flux and ebbs and flows on a daily basis. Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). You want to measure coping but your protocols too long: Consider the Brief COPE. High levels of stress are expected when crises affect peoples lives. 500 Montgomery Street,Suite 820Alexandria, VA. 22314Phone (703) 684.7722Toll Free (800) 969.6642Fax (703) 684.5968. American Psychological Association. Self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of PERMA elements before COVID-19. Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. OH Breathing exercises - Psychologist Dr. Karen Treisman leads you through a variety of quick, effective exercises to soothe the nervous system: Houseparty App: a free social networking service that allows groups to play games together virtually. Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Objectives To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 279287. Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. Gilbert, D. (2007). These strategies can be harmful and unhealthy with regard to effectively coping with stressors. In this context, positive coping strategies and PsyCap may be increasingly valuable assets for university students to address the psychological challenges associated with this pandemic and to maintain or enhance their well-being. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2988. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042988. -. A similar application was applied to learning English specifically for midwifery students on Flores Island during the covid-19 pandemic. A suffering generation: Six factors contributing to the mental health crisis in North American higher education. Indeed, optimism and hope each uniquely predict a major proportion of variance of the change in well-being and may together help students to face an uncertain future (M. W. Gallagher & Lopez, 2009). Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997), which is a short form (28 items) of the original COPE inventory (Carver et al., 1989). Mediation models were carried out with bootstrapping procedure with a 95% confidence interval. Legal Notice | Privacy Policy, 11235 Bellflower Road All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. The overall reliability coefficient of well-being items is very high ( = .94). The authors reported no conflict of interest Soothing the nervous system, by taking care of the body, can help to bring us back to a healthier place. Miyazaki, Y., Bodenhorn, N., Zalaquett, C., & Ng, K.-M. (2008). Flatt, A. K. (2013). WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Indirect effects describing pathways from PsyCap factors to PERMA factors through identified coping strategies were tested for mediating roles. Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1), 126. F. Luthans et al. (2018). OH (2020). Eat well. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. SuperBetter: A revolutionary approach to getting stronger, happier, braver and more resilient. For example, students had to stay home, adapt to online learning, modify internship placements, and/or reconsider graduation plans and jobs.